An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, also known as bird flu, caused the death of Canada geese, swans and other birds across Massachusetts with preliminary positive cases of the H5N1 virus confirmed in multiple locations.

While the H5N1 virus rarely infects humans, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife are recommending that commonwealth residents take the following precautions to keep themselves and their pets safe.

The DPH advises citizens to “refrain from handling birds or other animals that are dead or appear sick and report suspected cases” online at mass.gov/reportbirds or by calling 617-626-1795.

Birds may be infected with the H5N1 virus if they are displaying the following symptoms: sudden death without clinical signs, incoordination, diarrhea, lack of energy or appetite, decreased egg production, purple discoloration of wattles, comb and legs, nasal discharge, coughing and sneezing, according to the Town of Rochester Board of Health.

Pets should be kept on leashes away from wildlife. Cats are especially vulnerable to bird flu and can die of infection. It is advised that cat owners keep their pets inside to limit exposure.

Domestic poultry owners should keep the animals away from wild waterfowl and natural water sources visited by wild birds. However, it is safe to consume pasteurized milk and properly handled and cooked poultry.